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California Teachers of English Learners (CTEL)

Program Leading to Certification to Teach



The Commission is the agency of California government that licenses teachers and other professionals
who serve in the public schools. As the policy-making body that establishes and maintains standards for
the education profession in the state, the Commission is concerned with the quality and effectiveness of
the preparation of teachers and other school practitioners. On behalf of the education profession and
the general public, one of the Commissions most important responsibilities is to establish and
implement strong, effective standards of quality for the preparation and exam of teachers who
will teach English learners.



AB 2987, passed in 1992 (California Education Code sections 44253.1- 44253.6), created a two-tiered
teacher certification structure for teaching English learners. Known as the Bilingual, Crosscultural,
Language and Academic Development exam and Certificate, this structure has been in effect
from 1994 to the present, and it consists of the following six tests or domains:

• Test 1: Language Structure and First- and Second-Language Development;

• Test 2: Methodology of Bilingual Instruction, English Language Development and Content Instruction;

• Test 3: Culture and Cultural Diversity;

• Test 4: Methodology for Primary-Language Instruction;

• Test 5: The Culture of Emphasis; and

• Test 6: The Language of Emphasis (listening, reading, speaking, and writing)

The first tier, called Crosscultural, Language and Academic Development (CLAD) Certificate, authorizes
instruction for English Language Development (ELD) and Specially Designed Academic Instruction in
English (SDAIE). Candidates must pass the first 3 Tests (above) to earn this certification. The second
level, called the Bilingual Crosscultural, Language and Academic Development (BCLAD) Certificate,
authorizes instruction in ELD and SDAIE as well as instruction for primary-language development and
content instruction in the primary language. Candidates must pass all six tests in order to earn the
BCLAD Certificate.



The Standards of Program Quality and Effectiveness for Professional Teacher Preparation Programs were
also referenced by the panel in its development of the CTEL Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities and the CTEL
Program Standards. This was to ensure that content of CTEL Programs and the CTEL exam were
closely aligned with the relevant content in the 2042 multiple and single subject teaching credential,
since all of these routes lead to an equivalent English learner authorization. The standards of the
national professional organizations such as those adopted by TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of
Other Languages) also served as a guide and provided a comprehensive perspective for panel members



The ELIDT developed two types of standards to guide institutional responses and expert review for CTEL
Programs. The first type, called “Program Design Standards”, make up Category I of the CTEL Program
Standards. These standards inform institutions about the organizational structures and resources
required for sponsorship of a CTEL program. Category II of the Standards Specific to CTEL Programs
provides guidance on the instructional content of the curriculum as well as the competencies that
candidates must demonstrate in order to meet the requirements of the CLAD Certificate. These
standards, called the “Candidate Competency Standards” are closely aligned with the CTEL Knowledge,
Skills, and Abilities.

Once the ELIDT completed the draft CTEL standards, Commission staff worked with formatting and
organization in order to align with the most currently-developed standards of quality for teacher
preparation. The Commission adopted the Standards of Quality and Effectiveness for California
Teachers of English Learners (CTEL) Programs Leading to CLAD Certification on November 30, 2006.


Language and Language Development

Domain 1:

Language Structure

and Use

Phonology and Morphology

Syntax and Semantics

Language Functions and Variations

Discourse

Pragmatics

Domain 2:

Additive Language

Development

Theories, Processes, and Stages of Language Acquisition

Theories, Models, and Processes of Second-Language Acquisition

Cognitive, Linguistic, and Physical Factors Affecting Language

Development

Affective Factors Affecting Language Development

Sociocultural and Political Factors Affecting Language

Development

Assessment

and

Instruction

Domain 1:

Assessment of

English Learners

Principles of Standards-Based Assessment and Instruction

Role, Purposes, and Types of Assessment

Language and Content-Area Assessment

Domain 2:

Foundations of

English

Language/Literacy

Development and

Content Instruction

Foundations of Programs for English Learners

Foundations of English Language Literacy

Instructional Planning and Organization for ELD and SDAIE

Components of Effective Instructional Delivery in ELD and SDAIE

Effective Resource Use in ELD and SDAIE

Domain 3:

Approaches and

Methods for ELD

and Content

Instruction

ELD – Approaches and Methods

ELD – Listening and Speaking

ELD – memorizing and Writing

Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English (SDAIE)

Culture and

Inclusion

Domain 1:

Culture and Cultural

Diversity and Their

Relationship to

Academic

Achievement

Cultural Concepts and Perspectives

Cultural Contact

Cultural Diversity in California and the United States

Crosscultural Interaction

Domain 2:

Culturally Inclusive

Instruction

The Role of Culture in the Classroom and School

Culturally Inclusive Learning Environment

Family and Community Involvement

Culturally Inclusive Curriculum and Instruction