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Number of Questions: 40 multiple-choice questions
Time Allotted: 1 hour (60 minutes)
Passing Marks: 27 out of 40 (67.5%)
Exam Format: Closed-book
Certification Validity: The CDCP certificate is valid for 3 years, after which recertification is required.

1. The Data Centre: Importance and Causes for Downtime
- Role of data centres in modern business (mission-critical operations).
- Common causes of downtime (e.g., power failure, cooling issues, human error).
- Impact of downtime on business continuity and reputation.
- Introduction to high-availability concepts.
- Availability: The degree to which a data centre is operational and accessible (e.g., uptime percentage, 99.999% "five nines").
- Downtime: Periods when the data centre is non-functional.
- Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): Average time a system operates before failing.
- Mean Time To Repair (MTTR): Average time to restore a system after failure.
- Single Point of Failure (SPOF): A component whose failure disrupts the entire system.
- Business Continuity: Strategies to ensure uninterrupted operations.

2. Data Centre Standards and Best Practices
- Overview of global data centre standards (e.g., TIA-942, Uptime Institute Tiers, ISO).
- Compliance requirements for design and operations.
- Best practices for efficient and reliable data centre management.
- TIA-942: Telecommunications Industry Association standard for data centre design and infrastructure.
- Uptime Institute Tiers (I–IV): Classification of data centre reliability (Tier I: basic, Tier IV: fault-tolerant).
- ISO 27001: Standard for information security management systems.
- ISO 22301: Standard for business continuity management.
- ANSI/BICSI 002: Standard for data centre design and implementation.
- Redundancy: Duplication of critical components to enhance reliability (e.g., N+1, 2N).

3. Data Centre Location, Building, and Construction
- Site selection criteria (e.g., proximity to power grids, low natural disaster risk).
- Building design considerations (e.g., load-bearing capacity, expandability).
- Construction pitfalls to avoid (e.g., poor soil analysis, inadequate zoning).
- Site Selection: Process of choosing an optimal location based on power, connectivity, and risk factors.
- Geographical Risk: Threats like earthquakes, floods, or hurricanes affecting site suitability.
- Load Capacity: Maximum weight a building or floor can support (e.g., kN/m²).
- Zoning Regulations: Local laws governing data centre construction and operation.
- Greenfield vs. Brownfield: New (greenfield) vs. repurposed (brownfield) sites for construction.

4. Raised Floor and Suspended Ceiling
- Design and purpose of raised floors for cabling and cooling.
- Load definitions and floor strength requirements.
- Suspended ceilings for fire suppression and aesthetics.
- Raised Floor: Elevated flooring for underfloor cabling, cooling, and power distribution.
- Uniform Load: Evenly distributed weight across a floor (e.g., equipment racks).
- Concentrated Load: Weight focused on a small area (e.g., a single rack footprint).
- Rolling Load: Weight from moving equipment (e.g., during installation).
- Plenum Space: Area under raised floors or above ceilings used for air circulation or cabling.
- Static Dissipative Flooring: Flooring to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD).

5. Power Infrastructure
- Components of a robust power system (e.g., UPS, generators, PDUs).
- Electrical distribution to avoid downtime.
- Energy efficiency strategies (e.g., renewable energy integration).
- Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS): Device providing backup power during outages.
- Power Distribution Unit (PDU): Device distributing power to racks and equipment.
- Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): Switches power sources (e.g., grid to generator) seamlessly.
- Static Transfer Switch (STS): Transfers between power sources without interruption.
- Generator: Backup power source for extended outages (e.g., diesel, natural gas).
- Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE): Ratio of total facility power to IT equipment power (ideal: close to 1.0).
- Redundant Power Path: Dual power feeds to eliminate SPOFs.

6. Cooling Infrastructure
- Cooling technologies (e.g., CRAC units, liquid cooling).
- Hot and cold aisle containment for efficiency.
- Future-proofing cooling for increasing IT loads.
- Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC): Precision cooling for data centre environments.
- Computer Room Air Handler (CRAH): Cooling unit using chilled water systems.
- Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle: Layout separating hot exhaust air from cold intake air.
- Containment: Physical barriers to segregate hot and cold airflows.
- Coefficient of Performance (COP): Measure of cooling system efficiency.
- Free Cooling: Using ambient air or water to reduce mechanical cooling costs.
- Liquid Cooling: Direct cooling of IT equipment using liquid (e.g., immersion, direct-to-chip).

7. Fire Suppression and Safety
- Fire detection and suppression systems (e.g., gas-based, water-based).
- Safety protocols for personnel and equipment.
- Compliance with fire codes and standards.
- Fire Suppression System: Technologies to extinguish fires (e.g., FM-200, Inergen, sprinklers).
- Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus (VESDA): High-sensitivity smoke detection.
- Clean Agent: Fire suppressant that leaves no residue (e.g., Novec 1230).
- NFPA 75: Standard for fire protection in IT environments.
- Clearance Space: Minimum distance required around sprinklers or gas nozzles.
- Emergency Power Off (EPO): System to shut down power in emergencies.

8. Racks and Physical Security
- Equipment rack design and load capacity.
- Physical and logical security measures (e.g., access control, surveillance).
- Cable management within racks.
- Equipment Rack: Standard 19-inch frame for mounting IT equipment (e.g., 42U height).
- Rack Unit (U): Standard height measurement (1U = 1.75 inches).
- Load Capacity: Maximum weight a rack can support (e.g., 1000 kg).
- Access Control: Systems like biometrics or keycards to restrict entry.
- CCTV: Closed-circuit television for monitoring.
- Cable Tray: Structure for organizing and routing cables.

9. Cabling Infrastructure
- Structured cabling standards (e.g., TIA-568).
- Copper vs. fibre optic cabling for connectivity.
- Testing and maintenance of cabling systems.
- TIA-568: Standard for twisted pair and fibre optic cabling.
- Category 6/6A (Cat6/6A): Copper cabling for high-speed Ethernet.
- Fibre Optic: High-bandwidth cabling using light signals (e.g., single-mode, multi-mode).
- Patch Panel: Centralized point for connecting network cables.
- Cable Management: Techniques to organize cables for airflow and accessibility.
- Bend Radius: Minimum curve radius to prevent cable damage.

10. Network Architecture
- Design of reliable and scalable network topologies.
- Redundancy in network infrastructure.
- Testing techniques for network performance.
- Topology: Network layout (e.g., star, spine-leaf).
- Redundancy: Backup network paths (e.g., dual-homed connections).
- Latency: Delay in data transmission.
- Bandwidth: Data transfer capacity (e.g., Gbps).
- Network Interface Card (NIC): Hardware for connecting devices to networks.
- Spine-Leaf Architecture: Scalable network design for data centres.

11. Monitoring and Management
- Tools for monitoring power, cooling, and IT equipment.
- Incident reporting and escalation procedures.
- Data centre infrastructure management (DCIM) systems.
- DCIM: Data Centre Infrastructure Management software for monitoring and optimization.
- Environmental Monitoring: Tracking temperature, humidity, and airflow.
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Protocol for device monitoring.
- Alert Threshold: Predefined limits triggering notifications (e.g., high temperature).
- Capacity Planning: Forecasting resource needs for future growth.

12. Operations and Maintenance
- Preventive maintenance schedules for power, cooling, and fire systems.
- Disaster recovery planning and recovery time objectives (RTOs).
- Documentation and standard operating procedures (SOPs).
- Preventive Maintenance: Routine checks to prevent failures (e.g., UPS battery testing).
- Disaster Recovery (DR): Strategies to restore operations after disruptions.
- Recovery Time Objective (RTO): Time to restore critical functions post-disaster.
- Recovery Point Objective (RPO): Acceptable data loss in a disaster.
- Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): Documented processes for routine tasks.
- Change Management: Controlled process for infrastructure updates.