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Exam Title :
LPIC-1 Linux Administrator
Exam ID :
102-500
Exam Duration :
90 mins
Questions in exam :
60
Passing Score :
500 / 800
Exam Center :
LPI Marketplace
Real Questions :
LPI LPIC-1 Real Questions
VCE practice exam :
LPI 102-500 Certification VCE Practice Test






Topic

Details






Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting




105.1 Customize and use the shell environment


Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to customize shell environments to meet users' needs. Candidates should be able to modify global and user profiles.
Key Knowledge Areas:

- Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.

- Write Bash functions for frequently used sequences of commands.

- Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.

- Set command search path with the proper directory.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- .

- source

- /etc/bash.bashrc

- /etc/profile

- env

- export

- set

- unset

- ~/.bash_profile

- ~/.bash_login

- ~/.profile

- ~/.bashrc

- ~/.bash_logout

- function

- alias




105.2 Customize or write simple scripts


Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to customize existing scripts, or write simple new Bash scripts.
Key Knowledge Areas:

- Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).

- Use command substitution.

- Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.

- Execute chained commands.

- Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.

- Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.

- Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- for

- while

- test

- if

- read

- seq

- exec

- ||

- &&



Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops




106.1 Install and configure X11


Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure X11.
Key Knowledge Areas:

- Understanding of the X11 architecture.

- Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.

- Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout.

- Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers.

- Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers.

- Awareness of Wayland.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/X11/xorg.conf

- /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

- ~/.xsession-errors

- xhost

- xauth

- DISPLAY

- X



106.2 Graphical Desktops


Weight: 1


Description: Candidates should be aware of major Linux desktops. Furthermore, candidates should be aware of protocols used to access remote desktop sessions.

 

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Awareness of major desktop environments

- Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- KDE

- Gnome

- Xfce

- X11

- XDMCP

- VNC

- Spice

- RDP




106.3 Accessibility


Weight: 1

Description: Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes.

- Basic knowledge of assistive technology.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes.

- Screen Reader.

- Braille Display.

- Screen Magnifier.

- On-Screen Keyboard.

- Sticky/Repeat keys.

- Slow/Bounce/Toggle keys.

- Mouse keys.

- Gestures.

- Voice recognition.





Topic 107: Administrative Tasks




107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files


Weight: 5

Description: Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user accounts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Add, modify and remove users and groups.

- Manage user/group info in password/group databases.

- Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/passwd

- /etc/shadow

- /etc/group

- /etc/skel/

- chage

- getent

- groupadd

- groupdel

- groupmod

- passwd

- useradd

- userdel

- usermod





107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs


Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to use cron and systemd timers to run jobs at regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Manage cron and at jobs.

- Configure user access to cron and at services.

- Understand systemd timer units.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/

- /etc/at.deny

- /etc/at.allow

- /etc/crontab

- /etc/cron.allow

- /etc/cron.deny

- /var/spool/cron/

- crontab

- at

- atq

- atrm

- systemctl

- systemd-run





107.3 Localisation and internationalisation


Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Configure locale settings and environment variables.

- Configure timezone settings and environment variables.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/timezone

- /etc/localtime

- /usr/share/zoneinfo/

- LC_*

- LC_ALL

- LANG

- TZ

- /usr/bin/locale

- tzselect

- timedatectl

- date

- iconv

- UTF-8

- ISO-8859

- ASCII

- Unicode





Topic 108: Essential System Services




108.1 Maintain system time


Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and synchronize the clock via NTP.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Set the system date and time.

- Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.

- Configure the correct timezone.

- Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony.

- Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.

- Awareness of the ntpq command.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /usr/share/zoneinfo/

- /etc/timezone

- /etc/localtime

- /etc/ntp.conf

- /etc/chrony.conf

- date

- hwclock

- timedatectl

- ntpd

- ntpdate

- chronyc

- pool.ntp.org





108.2 System logging


Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to configure rsyslog. This objective also includes configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log output as a central log server. Use of the systemd journal subsystem is covered. Also, awareness of syslog and syslog-ng as alternative logging systems is included.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Basic configuration of rsyslog.

- Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions.

- Query the systemd journal.

- Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority.

- Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size.

- Delete old systemd journal data.

- Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy.

- Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald.

- Configuration of logrotate.

- Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng.

Terms and Utilities:

- /etc/rsyslog.conf

- /var/log/

- logger

- logrotate

- /etc/logrotate.conf

- /etc/logrotate.d/

- journalctl

- systemd-cat

- /etc/systemd/journald.conf

- /var/log/journal/





108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics


Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration files are not covered.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Create e-mail aliases.

- Configure e-mail forwarding.

- Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration).

Terms and Utilities:

- ~/.forward

- sendmail emulation layer commands

- newaliases

- mail

- mailq

- postfix

- sendmail

- exim





108.4 Manage printers and printing


Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).

- Manage user print queues.

- Troubleshoot general printing problems.

- Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities

- /etc/cups/

- lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)





Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals




109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols


Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network fundamentals.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation.

- Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses.

- Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).

- Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.

- Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.

- Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/services

- IPv4, IPv6

- Subnetting

- TCP, UDP, ICMP





109.2 Persistent network configuration


Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to manage the persistent network configuration of a Linux host.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration.

- Configure ethernet and wi-fi network using NetworkManager.

- Awareness of systemd-networkd.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/hostname

- /etc/hosts

- /etc/nsswitch.conf

- /etc/resolv.conf

- nmcli

- hostnamectl

- ifup

- ifdown





109.3 Basic network troubleshooting


Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2.

- Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2.

- Debug problems associated with the network configuration.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- ip

- hostname

- ss

- ping

- ping6

- traceroute

- traceroute6

- tracepath

- tracepath6

- netcat

- ifconfig

- netstat

- route





109.4 Configure client side DNS


Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Query remote DNS servers.

- Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.

- Modify the order in which name resolution is done.

- Debug errors related to name resolution.

- Awareness of systemd-resolved.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/hosts

- /etc/resolv.conf

- /etc/nsswitch.conf

- host

- dig

- getent





Topic 110: Security




110.1 Perform security administration tasks


Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.

- Set or change user passwords and password aging information.

- Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.

- Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.

- Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.

- Basic sudo configuration and usage.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- find

- passwd

- fuser

- lsof

- nmap

- chage

- netstat

- sudo

-/etc/sudoers

- su

- usermod

- ulimit

- who, w, last





110.2 Setup host security


Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.

- Turn off network services not in use.

- Understand the role of TCP wrappers.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- /etc/nologin

- /etc/passwd

- /etc/shadow

- /etc/xinetd.d/

- /etc/xinetd.conf

- systemd.socket

- /etc/inittab

- /etc/init.d/

- /etc/hosts.allow

- /etc/hosts.deny





110.3 Securing data with encryption


Weight: 4

Description: The candidate should be able to use public key techniques to secure data and communication.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.

- Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.

- Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.

- Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files.

- Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

- ssh

- ssh-keygen

- ssh-agent

- ssh-add

- ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub

- ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub

- ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub

- ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub

- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub

- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key and ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub

- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub

- ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

- ssh_known_hosts

- gpg

- gpg-agent

- ~/.gnupg/